2010年4月28日 星期三

勉勵的短文.....在研究的同時...放鬆一下看個文章吧

這是一個甫自越戰歸來的士兵的故事。 他從舊金山打電話給他的父母,告訴他們:「爸媽,我回來了,可是我有個不情之請。 我想帶一個朋友同我一起回家。」「當然好啊!」他們回答「我們會很高興見到的。」 不過兒子又繼續下去「可是有件事我想先告訴你們,他在越戰裡受了重傷, 少了一條胳臂和一隻腳,他現在走投無路,我想請他回來和我們一起生活。」 「兒子,我很遺撼,不過或許我們可以幫他找個安身之處。」 父親又接著說「兒子,你不知道自己在說些什麼。 像他這樣殘障的人會對我們的生活造成很大的負擔。 我們還有自己的生活要過,不能就讓他這樣破壞了。 我建議你先回家然後忘了他,他會找到自己的一片天空的。」 就在此時卻l掛上了電話,他的父母再也沒有他的消息了。 幾天後,這對父母接到了來自舊金山警局的電話, 告訴他們親愛的兒子已經墜樓身亡了。警方相信這只是單純的自殺案件。 於是他們傷心欲絕地飛往舊金山,並在警方帶領之下到停屍間去辨認兒子的遺體。 那的確是他們的兒子沒錯,但驚訝的是兒子居然,只有一條胳臂和一條腿。
故事中的父母就和我們大多數人一樣。
要去喜愛面貌姣好或談吐風趣的人很容易, 但是要喜歡那些造成我們不便和不快的人卻太難了。 我們總是寧願和那些不如我們健康,美麗或聰明的人保持距離。 然而有些人卻不會對我們如此殘酷。 他們會無怨無悔地愛我們,不論我們多麼糟總是願意接納我們。 今晚在你入睡之前,請試著去接納他人, 不論他們是怎麼樣的人;請用心去了解那些不同於我們的人。 每個人的心裡都藏著一種神奇的東西稱為「友情」, 你不知道它究竟是如何發生何時發生,但你卻知道它總會帶給我們特殊的禮物。 朋友就像是稀奇的寶物。他們帶來歡笑,激勵我們成功。 他們傾聽我們內心的話,與我們分享每一句讚美。 他們的心房永遠為我們而敞開。現在就告訴你的朋友你有多在乎他們。

2010年4月27日 星期二

Green定理與應用

http://episte.math.ntu.edu.tw/articles/mm/mm_21_4_03/index.html

IBM Research details 3D microscopic technique for nanoscale structures, devices

IBM Research details 3D microscopic technique for nanoscale structures, devices
IBM scientists have created a 3D map of the earth so small that 1,000 of them could fit on one grain of salt – important in the field of semiconductors because it could allow patterns and structures as small as 15-nm to be created at greatly reduced cost and complexity.
By Ann Steffora Mutschler, Contributing Editor -- Electronic News, 4/23/2010
IBM reported today that its scientists have created a 3D map of the earth so small that 1,000 of them could fit on one grain of salt – important in the field of semiconductors because it could allow patterns and structures as small as 15-nm to be created at greatly reduced cost and complexity.

The feat was accomplished through a breakthrough technique that uses a tiny, silicon tip with a sharp apex -- 100,000 times smaller than a sharpened pencil – that IBM said opens new prospects for developing nanosized objects in fields such as electronics, future chip technology, medicine, life sciences, and optoelectronics.

IBM’s researchers created several 3D and 2D patterns to demonstrate the technique using different materials for each one as reported in the scientific journals Science and Advanced Materials:

-- A 25-nanometer-high 3D replica of the Matterhorn, a famous Alpine mountain that soars 4,478 m (14,692 ft) high, was created in molecular glass, representing a scale of 1:5 billion.

-- Complete 3D map of the world measuring only 22 by 11 micrometers was "written" on a polymer. At this size, 1,000 world maps could fit on a grain of salt. In the relief, one thousand meters of altitude correspond to roughly eight nanometers (nm). It is composed of 500,000 pixels, each measuring 20 nm2, and was created in only 2 minutes and 23 seconds.

-- 2D nano-sized IBM logo was etched 400-nm-deep into silicon, demonstrating the viability of the technique for typical nanofabrication applications.

-- 2D high-resolution 15-nm dense line patterning.


IBM said the core component of its technique is a tiny, very sharp silicon tip measuring 500-nm in length and only a few nanometers at its apex.

“Advances in nanotechnology are intimately linked to the existence of high-quality methods and tools for producing nanoscale patterns and objects on surfaces. With its broad functionality and unique 3D patterning capability, this nanotip-based patterning methodology is a powerful tool for generating very small structures,” explained physicist Dr. Armin Knoll of IBM Research – Zurich, in a statement.

The tip is similar to that used in atomic force microscopes and is attached to a bendable cantilever that controllably scans the surface of the substrate material with the accuracy of one nanometer--a millionth of a millimeter. By applying heat and force, the nano-sized tip can remove substrate material based on predefined patterns, thus operating like a "nanomilling" machine with ultra-high precision, IBM explained.

Similar to using a milling machine, more material can be removed to create complex 3D structures with nanometer precision by modulating the force or by readdressing individual spots. To create the 3D replica of the Matterhorn, for example, 120 individual layers of material were successively removed from the molecular glass substrate.

Further, the technique achieves resolutions as high as 15-nm, with a potential of going even smaller by using existing methods such as e-beam lithography, which selectively exposes a surface to a beam of electrons, thereby creating patterns in a film, called a resist. The resist serves as a template for transferring the pattern to various materials, for example silicon, by means of etching. It is one of the most versatile and mature methods used today, but it is very costly and complex. With e-beam lithography, it is becoming increasingly challenging to fabricate patterns at resolutions below 30-nm, where the technical limitations of that method are reached, IBM noted.

And, compared to expensive e-beam-lithography tools that require several processing steps and equipment that can easily fill a laboratory, IBM’s tool that can sit on a tabletop, promises improved and extended capabilities at very high resolutions, but at one-fifth to one tenth of the cost and with far less complexity.

The nanotip-based technique also allows the pattern to be assessed directly by using the same tip to create an image of the written structures, as the IBM scientists demonstrated in their experiments.

IBM expects potential applications to range from the fast prototyping of nano-sized devices for future computer chips to the production of well defined micron-sized optical elements like aspheric lenses and lens-arrays for optoelectronics and on-chip optical communication.

5分鐘完成示波器或DSA檢查-- 傳統 AWG篇

Apple iPad Stress Tests

狼來了

很好的Blog